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From Automation to Intelligence : An AI agent for spatial reasoning and 3D co-design

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A4 Artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa

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en

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10

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eCAADe 2025 Confluence: Proceedings of the 43rd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Volume 1, issue 1, pp. 431-440, eCAADe proceedings

Abstract

Spatial understanding and reasoning are core cognitive abilities in architectural design, yet existing AI tools remain limited to automation without interpretability or goal-driven logic. This study introduces a 3D Co-Design Assistant that integrates spatial perception, reasoning, and modeling via a Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agent framework. Operating through a real-time perception–reasoning–action loop, the system enables AI to generate design suggestions and autonomously execute modeling commands in a 3Denvironment. Unlike previous black-box generative models, the assistant produces interpretable design logic grounded in structured scene data and user input. Its capabilities are evaluated through controlled human judgment and co-creation experiments, where participants often misidentified AI suggestions as human-generated, and rated many proposals as rational and contextually appropriate—demonstrating early signs of human-like spatial cognition. By bridging semantic reasoning with executable modeling behaviors, the proposed framework offers a novel approach to AI-assisted design beyond conventional automation, highlighting the potential of intelligent agents to support architects in iterative spatial thinking, stimulate creative alternatives, and facilitate the integration of AI into early-stage architectural workflows.

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Zhong, X, Li, Y, Fricker, P & Zhang, X 2025, From Automation to Intelligence : An AI agent for spatial reasoning and 3D co-design. in A Gönenç Sorguç, M Kruşa Yemişcioğlu, S Buket Erol, M Eren Bük, D Güney, B Aktaş Sulayıc & M Akol (eds), eCAADe 2025 Confluence : Proceedings of the 43rd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe. 1 edn, vol. 1, eCAADe proceedings, eCAADe, Brussels, pp. 431-440, International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Ankara, Türkiye, 01/09/2025. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2025.1.431

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